The scarlet red in the current flag symbolizes the Portuguese revolution of 1910 that overthrew the ruling monarchy and established a republic. It is symbolic of the bloodshed of the revolution, and in remembrance of the patriots who laid down their lives for the cause. The green in the flag represents the hope of the Portuguese people, while the yellow sphere on the flag, also known as the Coat of Arms, represents the rich maritime history of the country. The white inescutcheon, which is a small shield contained in a larger red one, has five bezants (flat discs) on five blue shields, that symbolize the defeat of the Moors by King Afonso, the first king of Portugal. These discs also symbolize the divine assistance received by the king in order to defeat the five Moorish kings, as well as the five wounds of Jesus Christ. The outer red shield contains seven castles, which again represent the annexation of Portugal’s boundaries.